🔬 Solar Technology Explained – Panels, Inverters & Batteries
Solar PV systems are made up of several key components that work together to convert sunlight into usable electricity. In this guide, we break down the technology behind solar panels, inverters, and battery storage — helping you understand how each part contributes to a smarter, greener home.
☀️ Solar Panels – The Power Source
What they do:
Solar panels contain photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. These cells are typically made from silicon and are arranged in modules mounted on your roof.
Types of solar panels:
- Monocrystalline – High efficiency, sleek black finish, ideal for limited roof space
- Polycrystalline – Slightly lower efficiency, more affordable
- Thin-film – Lightweight and flexible, used in niche applications
Efficiency:
Modern panels offer 18–22% efficiency, meaning they convert that percentage of sunlight into electricity. Higher-efficiency panels are ideal for smaller roofs or shaded areas.
⚡ Inverters – The Brain of the System
What they do:
Inverters convert the DC electricity from your panels into alternating current (AC) — the type used by your home appliances.
Types of inverters:
- String Inverters – Cost-effective, used in most domestic systems
- Microinverters – Installed on each panel, ideal for shaded roofs
- Hybrid Inverters – Combine solar and battery management in one unit
Smart monitoring:
Most inverters come with apps that let you track energy production, usage, and export in real time.
🔋 Battery Storage – Power When You Need It
What it does:
A solar battery stores excess electricity generated during the day for use at night or during peak times. This increases your energy independence and reduces reliance on the grid.
Benefits:
- Use more of your own solar energy
- Reduce peak-time electricity costs
- Maintain power during outages (with backup systems)
Popular battery options:
- Tesla Powerwall
- GivEnergy
- Sonnen
- LG Chem
Capacity:
Typical domestic batteries range from 5kWh to 13.5kWh, depending on your energy needs.
🔌 Optional Add-ons
EV Chargers
Charge your electric vehicle directly from your solar system.
Smart Home Integration
Connect your solar system to smart thermostats, appliances, and energy management tools.
Heat Pumps
Pair with solar to reduce heating costs and carbon emissions.
🧠 Why Understanding the Tech Matters
Knowing how your solar system works helps you:
- Choose the right setup for your home
- Maximise savings and efficiency
- Future-proof your energy use
